Chinese characters fall into two classes: Wen
or Simple
Tzu or Complex
The simple figures are divided into:
hsiang-hsing or imitative drawings
chi-shih or imitative drawings
tzu Composite figures are divided into hui-i or added software, where all parties are significant, and hsing-sheng or phonetic complex, where a party has another meaning and serves as the pronunciation.
The first, simple drawings or images hsiang-hsing are hardy images representing the object referred iconically
symbols are indicative figures suggest indexical meanings.
logical aggregates consist of two or more simple characters, also involving two meanings. For example, the ideogram for the meaning "good luck check-chan, is composed of the sum of which represents mouth and referred to divination.
phonetic complexes are made from two or more single characters, one gives them meaning, the other indicates the mode of pronunciation.
These four modes must be added two more:
chu chuan-chia-chieh
The four above characteristics make the composition of the characters or ideographs the latter two make use.
chuan-chu is to accept the ideogram with much broader meaning, derived, broad, metaphorical, analogous, figurative. A father by successive approaches to interpretation.
regard to primitive characters, refer to specific objects. When ideas become broader significance of things comes from the same way.
Abstract terms chuan-chu are specific character.
chia-chieh means false or distorted. This refers to the use of an ideogram in a way that is not its own:
A) by mistake or because other existing character for this designation
B) by convention, to designate an object that has your name in the spoken language, but does not have an ideogram qeu specific. It happened that sometimes "mistakes" a type of calligraphy were not "corrected" by reason of being among revered texts considered, corresponding to the Analects of Confucius
Another example of chia-chieh within the meaning of "wrong or arbitrary" would be given by the configuration of the character "Ko" which means "big brother" but only in spoken language, none of the characters "Ko" existing had that meaning. So, instead of creating a new one is agreed that Ko "sing" would be used to mean "brother." This meaning was not related to the composition of the character, but was then admitted as well.
Thus chia-chieh are the reason that the interpretation of simple characters and intricate and difficult became easy. They darken many texts, memory clutter and confuse and discourage many Sinologists. All these problems arise from the "incoherence" of the formation of the Chinese language by the "carelessness" of the ancient scribes.
